“saturated”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

saturated

Physics

1. (of a ferromagnetic material) Unable to be magnetized more strongly as all the domains are orientated in the direction of the field.

2. (of a solution) Containing the maximum equilibrium amount of solute at a given temperature. In a saturated solution the dissolved substance is in equilibrium with undissolved substance; i.e. the rate at which solute particles leave the solution is exactly balanced by the rate at which they dissolve. A solution containing less than the equilibrium amount is said to be unsaturated. One containing more than the equilibrium amount is supersaturated. Supersaturated solutions can be made by slowly cooling a saturated solution. Such solutions are metastable; if a small crystal seed is added the excess solute crystallizes out of solution.

3. (of a vapour) See vapour pressure.

Chemistry

1. (of a compound) Consisting of molecules that have only single bonds (i.e. no double or triple bonds). Saturated compounds can undergo substitution reactions but not addition reactions. Compare unsaturated.
2. (of a solution) Containing the maximum equilibrium amount of solute at a given temperature. In a saturated solution the dissolved substance is in equilibrium with undissolved substance; i.e. the rate at which solute particles leave the solution is exactly balanced by the rate at which they dissolve. A solution containing less than the equilibrium amount is said to be unsaturated. One containing more than the equilibrium amount is supersaturated. Supersaturated solutions can be made by slowly cooling a saturated solution. Such solutions are metastable; if a small crystal seed is added the excess solute crystallizes out of solution.
3. (of a vapour) See vapour pressure.

Chemical Engineering

1. A molecule that has only single bonds (i.e. no double or triple bonds) such as octane (C₈H₁₈) which is a straight-chain hydrocarbon saturated with hydrogen.

2. A solution containing the maximum possible amount of a solute at a given temperature. The solution is in equilibrium with the undissolved solute. A solution that contains more than the equilibrium amount is known as supersaturation. A solution that contain less than the equilibrium amount is unsaturated.

Biology

1. Denoting a compound consisting of molecules that have only single bonds (i.e. no double or triple bonds). Saturated compounds can undergo substitution reactions but not addition reactions. See fatty acid. Compare unsaturated.
2. Describing a cellular transport system in which all the carrier molecules for a particular substance are fully loaded, so that the rate of transport across the plasma membrane is maximal.
3. Describing an enzyme molecule or system in which the active sites are fully occupied and the rate of reaction is determined primarily by how quickly the catalytic reaction takes place. It occurs when the substrate is present in excess, and as soon as each active site releases the product(s), another substrate molecule occupies it.
4. Describing a soil in which all the pores are filled with water.

Geology and Earth Sciences

See silica saturation.

单词	saturated
释义	saturated Physics 1. (of a ferromagnetic material) Unable to be magnetized more strongly as all the domains are orientated in the direction of the field. 2. (of a solution) Containing the maximum equilibrium amount of solute at a given temperature. In a saturated solution the dissolved substance is in equilibrium with undissolved substance; i.e. the rate at which solute particles leave the solution is exactly balanced by the rate at which they dissolve. A solution containing less than the equilibrium amount is said to be unsaturated. One containing more than the equilibrium amount is supersaturated. Supersaturated solutions can be made by slowly cooling a saturated solution. Such solutions are metastable; if a small crystal seed is added the excess solute crystallizes out of solution. 3. (of a vapour) See vapour pressure. Chemistry 1. (of a compound) Consisting of molecules that have only single bonds (i.e. no double or triple bonds). Saturated compounds can undergo substitution reactions but not addition reactions. Compare unsaturated. 2. (of a solution) Containing the maximum equilibrium amount of solute at a given temperature. In a saturated solution the dissolved substance is in equilibrium with undissolved substance; i.e. the rate at which solute particles leave the solution is exactly balanced by the rate at which they dissolve. A solution containing less than the equilibrium amount is said to be unsaturated. One containing more than the equilibrium amount is supersaturated. Supersaturated solutions can be made by slowly cooling a saturated solution. Such solutions are metastable; if a small crystal seed is added the excess solute crystallizes out of solution. 3. (of a vapour) See vapour pressure. Chemical Engineering 1. A molecule that has only single bonds (i.e. no double or triple bonds) such as octane (C₈H₁₈) which is a straight-chain hydrocarbon saturated with hydrogen. 2. A solution containing the maximum possible amount of a solute at a given temperature. The solution is in equilibrium with the undissolved solute. A solution that contains more than the equilibrium amount is known as supersaturation. A solution that contain less than the equilibrium amount is unsaturated. Biology 1. Denoting a compound consisting of molecules that have only single bonds (i.e. no double or triple bonds). Saturated compounds can undergo substitution reactions but not addition reactions. See fatty acid. Compare unsaturated. 2. Describing a cellular transport system in which all the carrier molecules for a particular substance are fully loaded, so that the rate of transport across the plasma membrane is maximal. 3. Describing an enzyme molecule or system in which the active sites are fully occupied and the rate of reaction is determined primarily by how quickly the catalytic reaction takes place. It occurs when the substrate is present in excess, and as soon as each active site releases the product(s), another substrate molecule occupies it. 4. Describing a soil in which all the pores are filled with water. Geology and Earth Sciences See silica saturation.
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