“Bank of England”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Bank of England

Economics

The UK central bank. Originally founded in 1694 as a private bank to lend to the government and manage the national debt, by the 19th century it had developed into a central bank. In 1844 the Bank Charter Act formalized its status. Its main functions were controlling the money supply, through the Issue Department, and acting as a banker for the government and other banks, through the Banking Department. The bank came under formal government ownership when it was nationalized in 1946. The Governor and Directors are now appointed by the government. The Bank of England administered exchange controls until these were abolished in 1979, and advised the government on monetary policy until 1997, when it was made independent. It holds the national foreign exchange reserves, in the Exchange Equalization Account, and manages the national debt. It is also responsible for supervision of the banking system, and acts as lender of last resort in financial crises.

World History

The British central bank, popularly known as the ‘Old Lady of Threadneedle Street’, where its London office stands. It was founded in 1694 as an undertaking by 1268 shareholders to lend £1,200,000 to the government of William III to finance his wars against France. In return it received 8% interest and the right to issue notes against the security of the loan. These privileges were confirmed in 1708 when its capital was doubled, and it was given a monopoly of joint-stock banking which lasted until 1826, thus preventing rival banks from having large numbers of shareholders.
The bank is controlled by the Governor of the Bank of England and a court of 16 directors, appointed by the Crown. Its responsibilities include acting as banker to the government and as its agent in the issue of treasury bills; functioning as lender of last resort to the clearing banks, enabling it to control the amount of money in circulation; issuing the country’s stock of money as supplied by the Royal Mint; acting as registrar for government stocks; managing, on behalf of the Treasury, the money market and exchange equalization account; and determining the interest-rate structure of the economy.

单词	Bank of England
释义	Bank of England Economics The UK central bank. Originally founded in 1694 as a private bank to lend to the government and manage the national debt, by the 19th century it had developed into a central bank. In 1844 the Bank Charter Act formalized its status. Its main functions were controlling the money supply, through the Issue Department, and acting as a banker for the government and other banks, through the Banking Department. The bank came under formal government ownership when it was nationalized in 1946. The Governor and Directors are now appointed by the government. The Bank of England administered exchange controls until these were abolished in 1979, and advised the government on monetary policy until 1997, when it was made independent. It holds the national foreign exchange reserves, in the Exchange Equalization Account, and manages the national debt. It is also responsible for supervision of the banking system, and acts as lender of last resort in financial crises. World History The British central bank, popularly known as the ‘Old Lady of Threadneedle Street’, where its London office stands. It was founded in 1694 as an undertaking by 1268 shareholders to lend £1,200,000 to the government of William III to finance his wars against France. In return it received 8% interest and the right to issue notes against the security of the loan. These privileges were confirmed in 1708 when its capital was doubled, and it was given a monopoly of joint-stock banking which lasted until 1826, thus preventing rival banks from having large numbers of shareholders. The bank is controlled by the Governor of the Bank of England and a court of 16 directors, appointed by the Crown. Its responsibilities include acting as banker to the government and as its agent in the issue of treasury bills; functioning as lender of last resort to the clearing banks, enabling it to control the amount of money in circulation; issuing the country’s stock of money as supplied by the Royal Mint; acting as registrar for government stocks; managing, on behalf of the Treasury, the money market and exchange equalization account; and determining the interest-rate structure of the economy.
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