While training as a doctor in Spain he wrote two novels attacking Spanish repression in the Philippines, marking him out as one of the leading spokemen of the nationalist movement and of the publicity campaign known as the Propaganda Movement. An advocate of gradual change rather than a revolutionary, Rizal fell foul of the Spanish authorities when he established a reform society, the Liga Filipina, in 1892 and was exiled to Mindanao. Although not involved in the nationalist uprising of 1896, he was executed by the Spanish authorities for supposed complicity in the rebellion.