“Richter scale”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Richter scale

Physics

A logarithmic scale devised in 1935 by Charles Francis Richter (1900–85) to compare the magnitude of earthquakes. The scale ranges from 0 to 10 and the Richter scale value is related to the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground motion divided by the period of the dominant wave, subject to certain corrections. On this scale, a value of 2 can just be felt as a tremor and damage to buildings occurs for values in excess of 6. The largest shock recorded had a magnitude of 9.5.

Geology and Earth Sciences

The measurement of the intensity of an earthquake using the amplitude of seismic waves. As the amplitude depends on the depth of the earthquake focus, the distance of the recording station from the focus, the travel path, and local geology at both the source and receiver, such magnitude estimates need to be constrained by several determinations. At any given recording station, the magnitude (M) of a shallow earthquake is given by the equation: M = log(A/T) + 1.66 log Δ‎ + 3.3, where A is the maximum amplitude, T is the period, and Δ‎ is the epicentral angular distance between the earthquake and receiver. For deeper earthquakes, the magnitude is given using 20-second-period Rayleigh waves by M = log(A/T) + af Δ‎h + b, where h is the depth of the focus, and a and b are empirically determined constants for each seismic station.

Geography

A scale of the magnitude of earthquakes, ranging from 0 to (in theory) 10. Richter (1935) Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 25 equated the magnitude of an earthquake to the base 10 logarithm of the ground motion in millimetres, measured on a certain type of seismograph, plus a correction factor related to the distance of the earthquake. The distance is calculated from the difference in arrival time for different types of waves that travel at different speeds. So, for a constant distance between an earthquake’s hypocentre and the seismograph, the ground motion has to increase by a factor of 10 to cause an increase of 1 on the Richter scale. Professor Richter was trying to characterize the energy of a seismic event, not damage. Newer measurements, referred to as the ‘seismic moment’ and ‘moment magnitude’, have been developed to address some of the Richter scale’s shortcomings (Johnson (2004) US Dept Energy). See also mercalli scale, for measurements of earthquake intensity.

单词	Richter scale
释义	Richter scale Physics A logarithmic scale devised in 1935 by Charles Francis Richter (1900–85) to compare the magnitude of earthquakes. The scale ranges from 0 to 10 and the Richter scale value is related to the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground motion divided by the period of the dominant wave, subject to certain corrections. On this scale, a value of 2 can just be felt as a tremor and damage to buildings occurs for values in excess of 6. The largest shock recorded had a magnitude of 9.5. Geology and Earth Sciences The measurement of the intensity of an earthquake using the amplitude of seismic waves. As the amplitude depends on the depth of the earthquake focus, the distance of the recording station from the focus, the travel path, and local geology at both the source and receiver, such magnitude estimates need to be constrained by several determinations. At any given recording station, the magnitude (M) of a shallow earthquake is given by the equation: M = log(A/T) + 1.66 log Δ‎ + 3.3, where A is the maximum amplitude, T is the period, and Δ‎ is the epicentral angular distance between the earthquake and receiver. For deeper earthquakes, the magnitude is given using 20-second-period Rayleigh waves by M = log(A/T) + af Δ‎h + b, where h is the depth of the focus, and a and b are empirically determined constants for each seismic station. Geography A scale of the magnitude of earthquakes, ranging from 0 to (in theory) 10. Richter (1935) Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 25 equated the magnitude of an earthquake to the base 10 logarithm of the ground motion in millimetres, measured on a certain type of seismograph, plus a correction factor related to the distance of the earthquake. The distance is calculated from the difference in arrival time for different types of waves that travel at different speeds. So, for a constant distance between an earthquake’s hypocentre and the seismograph, the ground motion has to increase by a factor of 10 to cause an increase of 1 on the Richter scale. Professor Richter was trying to characterize the energy of a seismic event, not damage. Newer measurements, referred to as the ‘seismic moment’ and ‘moment magnitude’, have been developed to address some of the Richter scale’s shortcomings (Johnson (2004) US Dept Energy). See also mercalli scale, for measurements of earthquake intensity.
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