A geomorphological feature which was formed under past processes and climatic regimes but still exists as an anomaly in the changed, present-day conditions. Only a few very young landforms are the result of currently operating geomorphic processes (Bloom (2002) Geomorph. 47, 2–4). See Stroeven et al. (2002) Geomorph. 44, 1–2 on tors, boulder fields, and weathering mantles in north-eastern Sweden, and Gutiérrez-Elorza et al. (2005) Geomorph. 72, 1–4 on blow-outs and playas in the Duero Depression, Spain. Relict surfaces contain information on past surface processes and long-term landscape evolution (Goodfellow et al. (2008) Geomorph. 93, 3–4).