An interdisciplinary study which concentrates on the integrated analysis of economic and social phenomena in a regional setting. It seeks to understand regional change, to anticipate change, and to plan future regional development, and draws heavily on mathematical models. See Bailly and Gibson, and Boyce, both (2004) Papers Reg. Sci. 83, 1. See also R. Florax ‎and D. A. Plane (2004).