“code”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

code

Mathematics

Data and information, which may take many forms, are often encoded for the purpose of storage and/or transmission. Abstractly, this involves turning source words into codewords, which are usually binary strings of 0s and 1s (see binary code). This may be done optimally to minimize the average length of a codeword (as with Huffman coding) or may involve redundancy as with error-correcting and error-detecting codes, used if the chance of transmission errors is not negligible. See block codes, entropy, Hamming distance, information theory, linear codes, Shannon’s theorem.

Statistics

A number entered into a computer to signify each answer to a questionnaire. The list of codes for each question is stored in the codebook. The process of translating the questionnaire responses into codes is called coding the data.

Computer

1. A rule for transforming a message from one symbolic form (the source alphabet) into another (the target alphabet), usually without loss of information. The process of transformation is called encoding and its converse is called decoding. These processes are carried out by an encoder and a decoder respectively; the encoder and decoder may be implemented in hardware or software, the encoding and decoding processes being algorithmic in nature. The term ‘an encoding’ is sometimes used synonymously with ‘a code’.
From a more formal viewpoint, a code is a one-to-one homomorphism h from the set of Σ‎-words, Σ‎₁*, to the set Σ‎₂*, where Σ‎₁ and Σ‎₂ are alphabets (see word, formal language). Since h is one to one, h(w) may be ‘decoded’ to obtain w for any w in Σ‎₁*.
See also channel coding theorem, cryptography, error-correcting code, error-detecting code, fixed-length code, source coding theorem, variable-length code.
2. Any piece of program text written in a programming language (as opposed to a data structure or algorithm illustrated by a diagram or flowchart, or a program specified or sketched out in natural language prose). The term sometimes implies executable code as opposed to declarations or tables, but this is by no means always the case. See also coding.
3. The particular language in which some code is written, e.g. machine code, source code.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

See digital codes.

单词	code
释义	code Mathematics Data and information, which may take many forms, are often encoded for the purpose of storage and/or transmission. Abstractly, this involves turning source words into codewords, which are usually binary strings of 0s and 1s (see binary code). This may be done optimally to minimize the average length of a codeword (as with Huffman coding) or may involve redundancy as with error-correcting and error-detecting codes, used if the chance of transmission errors is not negligible. See block codes, entropy, Hamming distance, information theory, linear codes, Shannon’s theorem. Statistics A number entered into a computer to signify each answer to a questionnaire. The list of codes for each question is stored in the codebook. The process of translating the questionnaire responses into codes is called coding the data. Computer 1. A rule for transforming a message from one symbolic form (the source alphabet) into another (the target alphabet), usually without loss of information. The process of transformation is called encoding and its converse is called decoding. These processes are carried out by an encoder and a decoder respectively; the encoder and decoder may be implemented in hardware or software, the encoding and decoding processes being algorithmic in nature. The term ‘an encoding’ is sometimes used synonymously with ‘a code’. From a more formal viewpoint, a code is a one-to-one homomorphism h from the set of Σ‎-words, Σ‎₁, to the set Σ‎₂, where Σ‎₁ and Σ‎₂ are alphabets (see word, formal language). Since h is one to one, h(w) may be ‘decoded’ to obtain w for any w in Σ‎₁. See also* channel coding theorem, cryptography, error-correcting code, error-detecting code, fixed-length code, source coding theorem, variable-length code. 2. Any piece of program text written in a programming language (as opposed to a data structure or algorithm illustrated by a diagram or flowchart, or a program specified or sketched out in natural language prose). The term sometimes implies executable code as opposed to declarations or tables, but this is by no means always the case. See also coding. 3. The particular language in which some code is written, e.g. machine code, source code. Electronics and Electrical Engineering See digital codes.
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