A comprehensive management system that focuses on the management and control of potential major hazards that arise from process operations. It aims at reducing risk to a level that is as low as is reasonably practicable by the prevention of fires, explosions, and accidental or unintended chemical releases that can cause harm to human life and to the environment. It includes the prevention of leaks, spills, equipment failure, over- and under-pressurization, over-temperatures, corrosion, and metal fatigue. It covers a range of tools and techniques required to ensure safe operation of plant and machinery to ensure the safety of personnel, the environment, and others, through detailed design and engineering of facilities, maintenance of equipment, use of effective alarms and control points, procedures, and training. It also includes risk assessments, layers of protection analysis, and use of permit to work authorizations.