“Five Ways, the”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Five Ways, the

Philosophy

The ways of demonstrating the existence of God formulated by Aquinas (Summa Theologiae, Ia 3: it is important in understanding the significance of these arguments to Aquinas that the entire context stretches from Ia 2 to 11). They are:
1. (1) Motion is only explicable if there exists an unmoved, first mover;
2. (2) the chain of efficient causes demands a first cause;
3. (3) the contingent character of existing things in the world demands a different order of existence, or in other words something that has a necessary existence;
4. (4) the gradations of value in things in the world require the existence of something that is most valuable, or perfect;
5. (5) the orderly character of events points to a final cause, or end to which all things are directed, and the existence of this end demands a being that ordained it.
All the arguments are physico-theological arguments. The second is a first cause argument, and the first is the Aristotelian variety of it (accepted by Averroës) that singles out the causes of motion as particularly in need of a starting-point (see mover, unmoved). The third is a variety of the cosmological argument, as it had been formulated by Avicenna (but rejected by Averroës). The fourth is the degrees of perfection argument. The fifth is a version of the argument from (or to) design.
http://www.aquinasonline.com/Topics/5ways.html A list of internet resources on the Five Ways
http://www.newadvent.org/summa/1002.htm Translated extracts on the Five Ways from the Summa Theologiae

单词	Five Ways, the
释义	Five Ways, the Philosophy The ways of demonstrating the existence of God formulated by Aquinas (Summa Theologiae, Ia 3: it is important in understanding the significance of these arguments to Aquinas that the entire context stretches from Ia 2 to 11). They are: (1) Motion is only explicable if there exists an unmoved, first mover; (2) the chain of efficient causes demands a first cause; (3) the contingent character of existing things in the world demands a different order of existence, or in other words something that has a necessary existence; (4) the gradations of value in things in the world require the existence of something that is most valuable, or perfect; (5) the orderly character of events points to a final cause, or end to which all things are directed, and the existence of this end demands a being that ordained it. All the arguments are physico-theological arguments. The second is a first cause argument, and the first is the Aristotelian variety of it (accepted by Averroës) that singles out the causes of motion as particularly in need of a starting-point (see mover, unmoved). The third is a variety of the cosmological argument, as it had been formulated by Avicenna (but rejected by Averroës). The fourth is the degrees of perfection argument. The fifth is a version of the argument from (or to) design. http://www.aquinasonline.com/Topics/5ways.html A list of internet resources on the Five Ways http://www.newadvent.org/summa/1002.htm Translated extracts on the Five Ways from the Summa Theologiae
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