“dome”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

dome

Astronomy

1. A steep-sided extrusion of viscous lava forming a bulbous mass over a volcanic vent; also known as a volcanic dome. An example is the dome that formed within the Mount St Helens crater, Washington state, after the dramatic eruption in 1980; other examples occur on Venus.

2. A low, circular raised area above a lunar mare, often with a pit in the centre; also known as a lunar dome. Slopes of lunar domes are usually only a few degrees. They are thought to be volcanic vents, in many cases the source of the fluid lavas that formed the maria, and are thus similar to shield volcanoes on Earth. Examples of lunar domes are found near the crater Hortensius.

Geology and Earth Sciences

1. Anticlinal structure which plunges in all directions.
2. (volcanic dome, tholoid) A mound of viscous lava, usually rhyolite in composition, which has grown and built up over a vent. The mound of solid lava is covered by coarse, angular blocks which form by chilling and brecciation of the growing dome’s surface. The blocks accumulate around the growing dome to produce a scree slope of crumble breccia. Domes can grow by repeated injection of magma into the dome body (endogenous dome) or by repeated eruption of small volumes of magma from the surface of the dome (exogenous dome).
3. (salt dome) A circular or elongate plug, 1–2 km in diameter but extending downwards for many kilometres, formed by the upward movement of buoyant and less dense evaporitic material (commonly halite) into denser overlying rocks. The diapiric movement (see diapir) may be initiated by tectonic thickening.
4. A special form of crystal development characterized by two roof-like faces symmetrical about a plane of symmetry. The faces are repeated once only about an axis of symmetry.
5. See pericline.
6. See also ice dome.

Geography

An uplifted section of rocks, highest at the centre, from which the rocks dip all around. Volcanic domes may be formed from slow-moving, viscous lava, rounded as the result of pressure from lava below (Jousset and Okada (1999) J. Volc. & Geotherm. Res. 89, 1). A plug dome is a small, irregular dome within a crater, possibly with projecting, spiny extrusions.

单词	dome
释义	dome Astronomy 1. A steep-sided extrusion of viscous lava forming a bulbous mass over a volcanic vent; also known as a volcanic dome. An example is the dome that formed within the Mount St Helens crater, Washington state, after the dramatic eruption in 1980; other examples occur on Venus. 2. A low, circular raised area above a lunar mare, often with a pit in the centre; also known as a lunar dome. Slopes of lunar domes are usually only a few degrees. They are thought to be volcanic vents, in many cases the source of the fluid lavas that formed the maria, and are thus similar to shield volcanoes on Earth. Examples of lunar domes are found near the crater Hortensius. Geology and Earth Sciences 1. Anticlinal structure which plunges in all directions. 2. (volcanic dome, tholoid) A mound of viscous lava, usually rhyolite in composition, which has grown and built up over a vent. The mound of solid lava is covered by coarse, angular blocks which form by chilling and brecciation of the growing dome’s surface. The blocks accumulate around the growing dome to produce a scree slope of crumble breccia. Domes can grow by repeated injection of magma into the dome body (endogenous dome) or by repeated eruption of small volumes of magma from the surface of the dome (exogenous dome). 3. (salt dome) A circular or elongate plug, 1–2 km in diameter but extending downwards for many kilometres, formed by the upward movement of buoyant and less dense evaporitic material (commonly halite) into denser overlying rocks. The diapiric movement (see diapir) may be initiated by tectonic thickening. 4. A special form of crystal development characterized by two roof-like faces symmetrical about a plane of symmetry. The faces are repeated once only about an axis of symmetry. 5. See pericline. 6. See also ice dome. Geography An uplifted section of rocks, highest at the centre, from which the rocks dip all around. Volcanic domes may be formed from slow-moving, viscous lava, rounded as the result of pressure from lava below (Jousset and Okada (1999) J. Volc. & Geotherm. Res. 89, 1). A plug dome is a small, irregular dome within a crater, possibly with projecting, spiny extrusions.
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