LWPF (Low-Water-Peak Fiber)

Single-mode fiber (SMF) manufactured with low levels of hydroxyl

(OH) ions in order reduce the attenuation peak in the 1400 nm window, which is in the E-band

(1360–1460 nm).The traditional SMF manufacturing process introduces hydroxyl (OH) ions into the fiber core.Wavelengths in the region around 1400 nm attenuate about 2 dB/km as a result of their interaction with those ions. As traditional single-wavelength fiber optic transmission systems (FOTS) employing SMF

operate in the 1310 nm or 1550 nm window, water peak attenuation does not affect them. However, 4 of the 18 channels in coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) systems fall within the E-band and, therefore, are rendered unusable by water peak attenuation. Zero-water-peak fiber (ZWPF) contains near zero hydroxyl contamination and, therefore, suffers near zero water peak attenuation. See also attenuation, CWDM, dB, dB/km, E-band, FOTS, hydroxyl, SMF, water peak, wavelength, and ZWPF.

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