The susceptibility (χ) of a paramagnetic substance is proportional to the thermodynamic temperature (T), i.e. χ=C/T, where C is the Curie constant. A modification of this law, the Curie–Weiss law, is more generally applicable. It states that χ=C/(T−θ), where θ is the Weiss constant, a characteristic of the material. The law was first proposed by Pierre Curie in 1895 and modified by another French physicist, Pierre-Ernest Weiss (1865–1940), in 1907.