A special case of counterfactual conditional in which is a logically false statement (whatever the correct logic is taken to be). For example, and assuming classical logic to be correct,
asserts that the rejection of certain logical principles would entail further consequences. Like counterpossibles—of which counterlogicals are a special case—the evaluation of such conditionals seems to resist the usual analysis of counterfactuals in terms of possible worlds, but may be handled by an appeal to impossible worlds.