“Coriolis force”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Coriolis force

Physics

A fictitious force sometimes used to simplify calculations involving rotating systems, such as the movement of air, water, and projectiles over the surface of the rotating earth. The concept was first used in 1835 by Gaspard de Coriolis (1792–1843), a French physicist. The daily rotation of the earth means that in 24 hours a point on its equator moves a distance of some 40 000 km, giving it a tangential velocity of about 1670 km per hour. A point at the latitude of, say, Rome, travels a shorter distance in the same time and therefore has a lower tangential velocity—about 1340 km/hr. Air over the equator has the full tangential velocity of 1670 km/hr and as it travels north, say, it will retain this velocity; to an observer outside the earth this would be clear. However, to an observer in Rome it appears to be moving eastwards, because the earth at that point is moving eastwards more slowly than the air. The Coriolis force (which is quite fictitious) is the force that a naive observer thinks is needed to push the air eastwards.

Mathematics

See fictitious force.

Astronomy

An apparent force deflecting the motion of an object or a fluid moving over the surface of a rotating body such as a planet or star. For example, in the Earth’s northern hemisphere objects are deflected to the right of their direction of travel, and in the southern hemisphere to the left. The effect applies to winds, water, and rocket launches. It is named after the French physicist Gustave Gaspard de Coriolis (1792–1843).

Geography

An apparent, rather than real, force which causes the deflection of moving objects, especially of air streams, through the rotation of the Earth on its axis. It shows up, for example, in the movement of an air stream, relative to the rotating Earth beneath it. The Coriolis force is proportional to the wind speed U(z), and the Coriolis parameter, $f = 2 Ω sin Φ$ —where Φ‎ is the latitude and Ω‎ is the Earth’s rate of rotation—acts perpendicular to the wind direction (Orr et al. (2005) Weather 60, 10).

单词	Coriolis force
释义	Coriolis force Physics A fictitious force sometimes used to simplify calculations involving rotating systems, such as the movement of air, water, and projectiles over the surface of the rotating earth. The concept was first used in 1835 by Gaspard de Coriolis (1792–1843), a French physicist. The daily rotation of the earth means that in 24 hours a point on its equator moves a distance of some 40 000 km, giving it a tangential velocity of about 1670 km per hour. A point at the latitude of, say, Rome, travels a shorter distance in the same time and therefore has a lower tangential velocity—about 1340 km/hr. Air over the equator has the full tangential velocity of 1670 km/hr and as it travels north, say, it will retain this velocity; to an observer outside the earth this would be clear. However, to an observer in Rome it appears to be moving eastwards, because the earth at that point is moving eastwards more slowly than the air. The Coriolis force (which is quite fictitious) is the force that a naive observer thinks is needed to push the air eastwards. Mathematics See fictitious force. Astronomy An apparent force deflecting the motion of an object or a fluid moving over the surface of a rotating body such as a planet or star. For example, in the Earth’s northern hemisphere objects are deflected to the right of their direction of travel, and in the southern hemisphere to the left. The effect applies to winds, water, and rocket launches. It is named after the French physicist Gustave Gaspard de Coriolis (1792–1843). Geography An apparent, rather than real, force which causes the deflection of moving objects, especially of air streams, through the rotation of the Earth on its axis. It shows up, for example, in the movement of an air stream, relative to the rotating Earth beneath it. The Coriolis force is proportional to the wind speed U(z), and the Coriolis parameter, $f = 2 Ω sin Φ$ —where Φ‎ is the latitude and Ω‎ is the Earth’s rate of rotation—acts perpendicular to the wind direction (Orr et al. (2005) Weather 60, 10).
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