A process used for the extraction of zinc and lead from ores using a rotary kiln. Zinc is still largely extracted from ores although around 40 per cent of zinc is recycled from galvanized steels and other scrap metals. A high-temperature rotary Waelz kiln is used to convert zinc dust from electric arc furnaces into zinc oxide, which is then converted to zinc metal. The process of zinc volatilization was first proposed in 1881.