‘Chaos Theory deals with simple, deterministic, non-linear, dynamic, closed systems…[that] are extremely sensitive to initial conditions, resulting in an unpredictable chaotic response to any minute initial difference or perturbation’ (Reitsma (2003) Geoforum 34, 1). Chaotic behaviour is not random—current conditions are still linked to future conditions—and chaotic systems do not repeat themselves exactly, but may behave in a loosely recurrent fashion. See Phillips (2003) PPG 27, 1.