“von Neumann machine”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

von Neumann machine

Computer

Any computer characterized by the following concepts:
1. (a) the main units are a control unit, ALU, memory, and input and output facilities;
2. (b) programs and data share the same memory, thus the concept of a stored program is fundamental;
3. (c) the control unit and ALU, usually combined into a central processor (which may contain internal storage—accumulators and other registers), determine the actions to be carried out by reading instructions from the memory.
It follows that a program for a von Neumann machine consists of a set of instructions that are examined one after another; a program counter in the control unit indicates the next location in the memory from which an instruction is to be taken. It also follows that the data on which the program operates may include variables: storage locations can be named so that the stored value may be subsequently referenced or changed during execution of the program.
The vast majority of present-day computers are von Neumann machines. The name is taken from that of the American, John von Neumann. Compare non von Neumann architecture.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

Any computer that consists of a single control unit connecting a memory to a processing unit: instructions and data are fetched one at a time from the memory and fed to the processing unit under control of the control unit. The processing speed of the entire machine is limited by the rate at which instructions and data can be transferred from memory to processing unit.

Philosophy

Named after the mathematician John von Neumann (1903–57), a von Neumann machine is a computer built around
1. (i) a control unit, an arithmetic and logic unit, a memory, and input and output facilities;
2. (ii) a way of storing programs in memory; and
3. (iii) a method whereby the control unit sequentially reads and carries out instructions from the program.
A non-von Neumann machine is an architecture without some or all of these elements: the most discussed examples in philosophy are networks implementing parallel distributed processing (see connectionism).

单词	von Neumann machine
释义	von Neumann machine Computer Any computer characterized by the following concepts: (a) the main units are a control unit, ALU, memory, and input and output facilities; (b) programs and data share the same memory, thus the concept of a stored program is fundamental; (c) the control unit and ALU, usually combined into a central processor (which may contain internal storage—accumulators and other registers), determine the actions to be carried out by reading instructions from the memory. It follows that a program for a von Neumann machine consists of a set of instructions that are examined one after another; a program counter in the control unit indicates the next location in the memory from which an instruction is to be taken. It also follows that the data on which the program operates may include variables: storage locations can be named so that the stored value may be subsequently referenced or changed during execution of the program. The vast majority of present-day computers are von Neumann machines. The name is taken from that of the American, John von Neumann. Compare non von Neumann architecture. Electronics and Electrical Engineering Any computer that consists of a single control unit connecting a memory to a processing unit: instructions and data are fetched one at a time from the memory and fed to the processing unit under control of the control unit. The processing speed of the entire machine is limited by the rate at which instructions and data can be transferred from memory to processing unit. Philosophy Named after the mathematician John von Neumann (1903–57), a von Neumann machine is a computer built around (i) a control unit, an arithmetic and logic unit, a memory, and input and output facilities; (ii) a way of storing programs in memory; and (iii) a method whereby the control unit sequentially reads and carries out instructions from the program. A non-von Neumann machine is an architecture without some or all of these elements: the most discussed examples in philosophy are networks implementing parallel distributed processing (see connectionism).
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