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单词 volatile
释义
volatile

Astronomy
  • A term describing an element or compound that melts or boils (vaporizes) at a relatively low temperature, or (equivalently) condenses from a gas at a low temperature. Hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, and water are examples. A volatile substance is the opposite of a refractory one. The terrestrial planets and meteorites are depleted in a wide range of elements that are volatile below about 1000 K. These volatile elements are, however, widespread in the outer Solar System, beyond 4 au from the Sun.


Geology and Earth Sciences
  • 1. Applied to a substance with a high vapour pressure, which passes readily into a gaseous phase.

    2. (a) A dissolved element in a silicate magma which would be gaseous at that temperature except for the confining pressure and solvent nature of the magma (e.g. Cl, F, and S) and that therefore becomes gaseous when the magma reaches the Earth’s surface or a zone of reduced pressure. Common volatiles include water vapour, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, and there are many more. The melting temperatures of late, volatile, saturated melts may be about 600 °C. They form pegmatites which have large crystals and contain some metals, e.g. lithium, molybdenum, uranium, and tin. (b) In coal, a mixture of combustible gases (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane) with other substances, which is given off when coal is heated without air being present. Peat contains more than 50% volatiles, lignites about 45%, anthracite 10%, and graphite less than 5%.


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