Cetshwayo became ruler of Zululand in 1873. He increased his army to defend his territory against the Boers and defeated the British at Isandhlwana in 1879. His capital, Ulundi, was captured eight months later, whereupon he was deposed and sent to London. In 1883 British efforts to restore him failed and he was driven out by an anti-royalist faction. See also zulu war.