“monetary policy”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

monetary policy

Philosophy

The process whereby a government controls the supply of credit or money in an economy in order to slow inflation or ward off recession. Prime levers of monetary control include adjustment of interest rates by a central bank, interventions in the foreign exchange rate, and in more urgent recessionary situations ‘quantitative easing’, or the printing of more money in order to increase the availability of credit. Monetarism is belief that the money supply is the explanatory key to cycles of ‘boom and bust’, and thence the policy prescription that, if they are to be involved with the economy at all, governments should use monetary rather than fiscal policy in order to achieve desirable economic outcomes. The view is associated with the Chicago school of neo-classical economic theory. For an alternative, see Keynes.

Economics

The use by the government or central bank of interest rates or controls on the money supply to influence the economy. The target of monetary policy may be the achievement of a desired level or rate of growth in real activity, the price level, the exchange rate, or the balance of payments. Methods of monetary policy include setting the interest rate charged by the central bank, sales or purchases of securities to control the money supply, and changes in the required reserve ratios of banks and other financial institutions. The central bank can affect other interest rates both through open market operations to affect the probability that banks are going to need to borrow at its own lending rate, and by the announcement effects of changes in the central bank’s minimum lending rate, which are regarded by the markets as statements about the authorities’ forecasts and objectives. Monetary policy works through the effects of the cost and availability of loans on real activity, and through this on inflation, and on international capital movements and thus on the exchange rate. Central bank and government pronouncements on monetary and other economic questions can be effective in reinforcing practical measures of monetary policy, but do not provide a substitute for them.

单词	monetary policy
释义	monetary policy Philosophy The process whereby a government controls the supply of credit or money in an economy in order to slow inflation or ward off recession. Prime levers of monetary control include adjustment of interest rates by a central bank, interventions in the foreign exchange rate, and in more urgent recessionary situations ‘quantitative easing’, or the printing of more money in order to increase the availability of credit. Monetarism is belief that the money supply is the explanatory key to cycles of ‘boom and bust’, and thence the policy prescription that, if they are to be involved with the economy at all, governments should use monetary rather than fiscal policy in order to achieve desirable economic outcomes. The view is associated with the Chicago school of neo-classical economic theory. For an alternative, see Keynes. Economics The use by the government or central bank of interest rates or controls on the money supply to influence the economy. The target of monetary policy may be the achievement of a desired level or rate of growth in real activity, the price level, the exchange rate, or the balance of payments. Methods of monetary policy include setting the interest rate charged by the central bank, sales or purchases of securities to control the money supply, and changes in the required reserve ratios of banks and other financial institutions. The central bank can affect other interest rates both through open market operations to affect the probability that banks are going to need to borrow at its own lending rate, and by the announcement effects of changes in the central bank’s minimum lending rate, which are regarded by the markets as statements about the authorities’ forecasts and objectives. Monetary policy works through the effects of the cost and availability of loans on real activity, and through this on inflation, and on international capital movements and thus on the exchange rate. Central bank and government pronouncements on monetary and other economic questions can be effective in reinforcing practical measures of monetary policy, but do not provide a substitute for them.
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