“Viking”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Viking

Astronomy

Two US space probes to Mars, each of which consisted of an orbiter and a lander (see table). The orbiters studied the planet and its satellites, while the landers photographed the surface around them, took weather readings, and analysed the composition of the soil. Of particular interest was the possible presence of living organisms on Mars, but none were found.

Viking Probes

Probe	Launch date	Results
Viking 1	1975 August 20	Entered orbit around Mars 1976 June 19; lander descended in Chryse Planitia 1976 July 20
Viking 2	1975 September 9	Entered orbit around Mars 1976 August 7; lander descended in Utopia Planitia 1976 September 3

Space Exploration

Either of two US space probes to the planet Mars, each one consisting of an orbiter and a lander. They were launched on 20 August and 9 September 1975, and transmitted colour pictures and analysed the planet's soil.
Viking 1 carried life-detection laboratories and landed on Mars on 20 July 1976 to carry out detailed research. Designed to work for 90 days, the craft operated for 6.5 years, losing contact with Earth in November 1982. Viking 2 landed on Mars on 3 September 1976 and functioned for 3.5 years.

Geology and Earth Sciences

Two NASA spacecraft, launched in 1975, that placed vehicles in orbit and landed instruments on the surface of Mars, Viking 1 landing on 20 July and Viking 2 on 3 September. Both transmitted substantial amounts of data to Earth, as well as the first colour photographs taken from the martian surface.
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/viking.html A NASA programme of two missions that landed on Mars in 1976.