“Carnot cycle”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Carnot cycle

Physics

The most efficient cycle of operations for a reversible heat engine. Published in 1824 by N. L. S. Carnot, it consists of four operations on the working substance in the engine: (1) Isothermal expansion at thermodynamic temperature T₁ with heat q₁ taken in. (2) Adiabatic expansion with a fall of temperature to T₂. (3) Isothermal compression at temperature T₂ with heat q₂ given out. (4) Adiabatic compression with a rise of temperature back to T₁. According to the Carnot principle, the efficiency of any reversible heat engine depends only on the temperature range through which it works, rather than the properties of the working substances. In any reversible engine, the efficiency (η‎) is the ratio of the work done (W) to the heat input (q₁), i.e. η‎=W/q₁. As, according to the first law of thermodynamics, W=q₁−q₂, it follows that η‎=(q₁−q₂)/q₁. For the Kelvin temperature scale, q₁/q₂=T₁/T₂ and η‎=(T₁−T₂)/T₁. For maximum efficiency T₁ should be as high as possible and T₂ as low as possible.

Carnot cycle.

Chemistry

The most efficient cycle of operations for a reversible heat engine. Published in 1824 by Nicolas Carnot, it consists of four operations on the working substance in the engine (see illustration):
1. a. Isothermal expansion at thermodynamic temperature T₁ with heat q₁ taken in.
2. b. Adiabatic expansion with a fall of temperature to T₂.
3. c. Isothermal compression at temperature T₂ with heat q₂ given out.
4. d. Adiabatic compression with a rise of temperature back to T₁.
According to the Carnot principle, the efficiency of any reversible heat engine depends only on the temperature range through which it works, rather than the properties of the working substances. In any reversible engine, the efficiency (η‎) is the ratio of the work done (W) to the heat input (q₁), i.e. η‎ = W/q₁. As, according to the first law of thermodynamics, W = q₁ – q₂, it follows that η‎ = (q₁ – q₂)/q₁. For the Kelvin temperature scale, q₁/q₂ = T₁/T₂ and η‎ = (T₁ – T₂)/T₁. For maximum efficiency T₁ should be as high as possible and T₂ as low as possible.
Carnot cycle

Chemical Engineering

A thermodynamic cycle used in a heat engine and comprises four distinct steps: isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and then adiabatic compression (see Fig. 11). According to the Carnot principle, the efficiency of a heat (p. 54) engine depends on the temperatures at which it operates. The efficiency is the ratio of the work done, W, to the heat input, q₁
$η = \frac{W}{q_{1}}$

where, according to the first law of thermodynamics, the work done is the difference between the heat in and heat out. The efficiency is therefore:
$η = \frac{T_{1} - T_{2}}{T_{1}}$

For maximum efficiency, T₂ should be as small as possible and T₁ should be as high as possible. It was developed by Nicolas Carnot in 1824.
Fig. 11 Carnot steam cycle

单词	Carnot cycle
释义	Carnot cycle Physics The most efficient cycle of operations for a reversible heat engine. Published in 1824 by N. L. S. Carnot, it consists of four operations on the working substance in the engine: (1) Isothermal expansion at thermodynamic temperature T₁ with heat q₁ taken in. (2) Adiabatic expansion with a fall of temperature to T₂. (3) Isothermal compression at temperature T₂ with heat q₂ given out. (4) Adiabatic compression with a rise of temperature back to T₁. According to the Carnot principle, the efficiency of any reversible heat engine depends only on the temperature range through which it works, rather than the properties of the working substances. In any reversible engine, the efficiency (η‎) is the ratio of the work done (W) to the heat input (q₁), i.e. η‎=W/q₁. As, according to the first law of thermodynamics, W=q₁−q₂, it follows that η‎=(q₁−q₂)/q₁. For the Kelvin temperature scale, q₁/q₂=T₁/T₂ and η‎=(T₁−T₂)/T₁. For maximum efficiency T₁ should be as high as possible and T₂ as low as possible. Carnot cycle. Chemistry The most efficient cycle of operations for a reversible heat engine. Published in 1824 by Nicolas Carnot, it consists of four operations on the working substance in the engine (see illustration): a. Isothermal expansion at thermodynamic temperature T₁ with heat q₁ taken in. b. Adiabatic expansion with a fall of temperature to T₂. c. Isothermal compression at temperature T₂ with heat q₂ given out. d. Adiabatic compression with a rise of temperature back to T₁. According to the Carnot principle, the efficiency of any reversible heat engine depends only on the temperature range through which it works, rather than the properties of the working substances. In any reversible engine, the efficiency (η‎) is the ratio of the work done (W) to the heat input (q₁), i.e. η‎ = W/q₁. As, according to the first law of thermodynamics, W = q₁ – q₂, it follows that η‎ = (q₁ – q₂)/q₁. For the Kelvin temperature scale, q₁/q₂ = T₁/T₂ and η‎ = (T₁ – T₂)/T₁. For maximum efficiency T₁ should be as high as possible and T₂ as low as possible. Carnot cycle Chemical Engineering A thermodynamic cycle used in a heat engine and comprises four distinct steps: isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and then adiabatic compression (see Fig. 11). According to the Carnot principle, the efficiency of a heat (p. 54) engine depends on the temperatures at which it operates. The efficiency is the ratio of the work done, W, to the heat input, q₁ $η = \frac{W}{q_{1}}$ where, according to the first law of thermodynamics, the work done is the difference between the heat in and heat out. The efficiency is therefore: $η = \frac{T_{1} - T_{2}}{T_{1}}$ For maximum efficiency, T₂ should be as small as possible and T₁ should be as high as possible. It was developed by Nicolas Carnot in 1824. Fig. 11 Carnot steam cycle
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