“conservation”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

conservation

Chemistry

The sensible use of the earth’s natural resources in order to avoid excessive degradation and impoverishment of the environment. It should include the search for alternative food and fuel supplies when these are endangered (as by deforestation and overfishing); an awareness of the dangers of pollution; and the maintenance and preservation of natural habitats and the creation of new ones, e.g. nature reserves, national parks, and sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs).

Biology

The sensible management of the earth’s natural resources in order to avoid degradation and impoverishment of the environment (see desertification). It should include the search for alternative food and fuel supplies when these are endangered (as by deforestation and overfishing); an awareness of the dangers of pollution; the maintenance of biodiversity; and the protection of natural habitats together with the creation of new ones (e.g. nature reserves, national parks, and SSSIs) to compensate for losses elsewhere. See also sustainable.

Geography

The protection of natural or man-made resources and landscapes for later use. A distinction is made between conservation and preservation; while a conservationist recognizes that people will use some of the fish in a lake, a preservationist would ban fishing entirely. ‘If the twentieth century question was how to stop extinction, then perhaps the twenty-first-century challenge is how to avoid the total collapse of the biosphere, our life support system’ (W. Adams 2004).
Conservation is a highly political enterprise: McKenna et al. (2005) Area 37 argue that a failure to conserve coastal dunes in Ireland results ‘more from management deficiencies than from shortcomings in scientific understanding’. Duffy (2006) Pol. Geog. 25, 1 casts light on the struggles encountered in environmental politics over access to key natural resources; and Sundberg (2003) Pol. Geog. 22, 7 observes that the existence of democratic regimes and formal institutions does not guarantee that environmental projects will be implemented through demographic processes. C. Hambler (2004) favours establishment of an environmental fund into which polluters pay and from which societies can draw, such that those whose development opportunities are curtailed for global conservation objectives can access compensatory development funds. See Vogiatzakis et al. (2006) PPG 30 on using GIS for conservation.
Conservation biology is a sub-discipline of biology concerned with the impacts of people on the environment and the conservation of biological diversity (see Murray et al. (2002) Austral. Ecol. 27; see also Klinkenberg (2001) Canad. Geogr./Géog. canad. 45, 3). Van Kleunen and Richardson (2007) PPG 31, 4 argue for more integration between conservation biology and invasion biology.

单词	conservation
释义	conservation Chemistry The sensible use of the earth’s natural resources in order to avoid excessive degradation and impoverishment of the environment. It should include the search for alternative food and fuel supplies when these are endangered (as by deforestation and overfishing); an awareness of the dangers of pollution; and the maintenance and preservation of natural habitats and the creation of new ones, e.g. nature reserves, national parks, and sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs). Biology The sensible management of the earth’s natural resources in order to avoid degradation and impoverishment of the environment (see desertification). It should include the search for alternative food and fuel supplies when these are endangered (as by deforestation and overfishing); an awareness of the dangers of pollution; the maintenance of biodiversity; and the protection of natural habitats together with the creation of new ones (e.g. nature reserves, national parks, and SSSIs) to compensate for losses elsewhere. See also sustainable. Geography The protection of natural or man-made resources and landscapes for later use. A distinction is made between conservation and preservation; while a conservationist recognizes that people will use some of the fish in a lake, a preservationist would ban fishing entirely. ‘If the twentieth century question was how to stop extinction, then perhaps the twenty-first-century challenge is how to avoid the total collapse of the biosphere, our life support system’ (W. Adams 2004). Conservation is a highly political enterprise: McKenna et al. (2005) Area 37 argue that a failure to conserve coastal dunes in Ireland results ‘more from management deficiencies than from shortcomings in scientific understanding’. Duffy (2006) Pol. Geog. 25, 1 casts light on the struggles encountered in environmental politics over access to key natural resources; and Sundberg (2003) Pol. Geog. 22, 7 observes that the existence of democratic regimes and formal institutions does not guarantee that environmental projects will be implemented through demographic processes. C. Hambler (2004) favours establishment of an environmental fund into which polluters pay and from which societies can draw, such that those whose development opportunities are curtailed for global conservation objectives can access compensatory development funds. See Vogiatzakis et al. (2006) PPG 30 on using GIS for conservation. Conservation biology is a sub-discipline of biology concerned with the impacts of people on the environment and the conservation of biological diversity (see Murray et al. (2002) Austral. Ecol. 27; see also Klinkenberg (2001) Canad. Geogr./Géog. canad. 45, 3). Van Kleunen and Richardson (2007) PPG 31, 4 argue for more integration between conservation biology and invasion biology.
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