The first satellite mission dedicated totally to celestial X-ray astronomy. It was the first of NASA's Small Astronomy Satellite series, but launched from the San Marco platform in Kenya in December 1970 on the seventh anniversary of Kenyan independence. Before its lifespan ended in March 1973, Uhuru discovered the diffuse X-ray emission from clusters of galaxies, and detected 339 X-ray sources from supernova remnants, binaries, and galaxies.