As a member of the Austrian Parliament (1891–93; 1907–14), he achieved fame by defending Slav and Semitic minorities. During World War I he worked with Beneš in London for Czech independence and for his country’s recognition by the Allies. By their efforts Czech independence was proclaimed in Prague (1918) and he was elected President. He favoured friendly relations with France, Germany, and Austria, and was a strong supporter of the League of Nations. He felt that the rising Nazi menace required a younger President and he resigned (1935) in favour of Beneš.