A non-Newtonian fluid that exhibits a yield stress that must be exceeded for flow to occur. Once the fluid has begun to flow, the rate of shear versus shear stress curve is linear. The applied shear stress is expressed as:
where τo is the yield stress, k is a constant, and is the shear rate. Examples include toothpaste, mayonnaise, and drilling muds. It is named after American chemist Eugene Cook Bingham (1878–1945).