“Luther, Martin (1483–1546)”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Luther, Martin (1483–1546)

Philosophy

monk and originator of the Reformation in Europe. Luther was professor of biblical theology at Wittenberg when in 1517 he nailed his Ninety Five Theses to the door of the university chapel. Luther was much influenced by William of Ockham, from whom he derived a sceptical view of the edifices of scholasticism, and in particular Thomism. The leading idea of his theology was the doctrine of justification by faith or grace alone—a doctrine which irritated the Catholic church by denying any institutional role in defining or delivering (or selling) proper religious status (grace). Similarly Luther had a dim view of the place of reason and philosophy (‘the devil’s whore’) in underpinning proper Christian faith, which comes from God and is revealed not by reason but by revelation. His sermons and hymns are one of the treasures of German literature.

World History

the principal figure of the German Reformation. From 1508 he taught at the University of Wittenberg, latterly as professor of scripture (1512–46). He began to preach the doctrine of justification by faith rather than by works; his attack on the sale of indulgences with his 95 theses (1517) was followed by further attacks on papal authority, and in 1521 Luther was condemned and excommunicated at the Diet of Worms. At a meeting with Swiss theologians at Marburg (1529) he opposed Zwingli and gave a defence of the doctrine of consubstantiation (the presence in the Eucharist of the real substances of the body and blood of Christ); the next year he gave his approval to Melanchthon’s Augsburg Confession, which laid down the Lutheran position. His translation of the Bible into High German (1522–34) contributed significantly to the spread of this form of the language and to the development of German literature in the vernacular.

单词	Luther, Martin (1483–1546)
释义	Luther, Martin (1483–1546) Philosophy monk and originator of the Reformation in Europe. Luther was professor of biblical theology at Wittenberg when in 1517 he nailed his Ninety Five Theses to the door of the university chapel. Luther was much influenced by William of Ockham, from whom he derived a sceptical view of the edifices of scholasticism, and in particular Thomism. The leading idea of his theology was the doctrine of justification by faith or grace alone—a doctrine which irritated the Catholic church by denying any institutional role in defining or delivering (or selling) proper religious status (grace). Similarly Luther had a dim view of the place of reason and philosophy (‘the devil’s whore’) in underpinning proper Christian faith, which comes from God and is revealed not by reason but by revelation. His sermons and hymns are one of the treasures of German literature. World History the principal figure of the German Reformation. From 1508 he taught at the University of Wittenberg, latterly as professor of scripture (1512–46). He began to preach the doctrine of justification by faith rather than by works; his attack on the sale of indulgences with his 95 theses (1517) was followed by further attacks on papal authority, and in 1521 Luther was condemned and excommunicated at the Diet of Worms. At a meeting with Swiss theologians at Marburg (1529) he opposed Zwingli and gave a defence of the doctrine of consubstantiation (the presence in the Eucharist of the real substances of the body and blood of Christ); the next year he gave his approval to Melanchthon’s Augsburg Confession, which laid down the Lutheran position. His translation of the Bible into High German (1522–34) contributed significantly to the spread of this form of the language and to the development of German literature in the vernacular.
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