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单词 tourmaline
释义
tourmaline

Chemistry
  • A group of minerals composed of complex cyclosilicates containing boron with the general formula NaR32+ Al6B3Si6O27(H,F)4, where R=Fe2+, Mg, or (Al+Li). The crystals are trigonal, elongated, and variably coloured, the two ends of the crystals often having different colours. Tourmaline is used as a gemstone and because of its double refraction and piezoelectric properties is also used in polarizers and some pressure gauges.


Geology and Earth Sciences
  • A member of the cyclosilicates and a borosilicate Na(Mg,Fe2+,Mn,Li, Al)3Al6 (BO3)3[Si6O18](OH,F)4. There are three important members of this family of minerals: dravite (NaMg3Al6(BO3)3[Si6O18] (OH,F)4); schorl (Na(Fe2+,Mn)3Al6(BO3)3[Si6O18](OH,F)4); and elbaite (Na(LiAl)3Al6(BO3)3[Si6O18](OH,F)4); sp. gr. 2.9–3.2; hardness 7.0–7.5; trigonal; black, bluish, pink, or green, never colourless; elongate crystals common, also acicular needles and massive or radiating aggregates; cleavage good {1120} prismatic; occurs in granite pegmatites, pneumatolytic (see pneumatolysis) veins, and granites as elbaite and schorl varieties; it may occur in the rock luxullianite formed by pneumatolytic action after boron has been introduced, where it will occur with topaz, spodumene, cassiterite, fluorite, and apatite. Dravite variety occurs in metamorphosed impure limestones and rarely in some basic igneous rocks; tourmaline is a common detrital ‘heavy’ mineral in sedimentary rocks. Good multicoloured crystals can be used as gemstones.


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