“topology”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

topology

Physics

The branch of geometry concerned with the properties of geometrical objects that are unchanged by continuous deformations, such as twisting or stretching. Mathematical approaches employing topology are of great importance in modern theories of the fundamental interactions and in many other branches of physics.

Mathematics

The area of mathematics concerned with the general properties of shapes and space, and in particular with the study of properties that are not changed by continuous distortions (see continuous function) such as stretching. Also the name given to the family of open sets in a topological space (or metric space). See algebraic topology, combinatorial topology, differential topology, general topology, geometric topology.

Chemistry

A branch of geometry concerned with geometrical properties that are invariant under continuous deformations, such as bending or stretching, but not tearing or sticking together. Topology has many applications in chemistry, particularly in discussions of the structures of molecules or solids in terms of the connections between atoms and electron counting rules. There are some quantum numbers in certain systems, including systems in which superconductivity occurs, that arise because of topology rather than the symmetry of the system. Among the branches of topology used in chemistry are graph theory and knot theory.

Computer

1. The study of those properties of sets that are shared by all images (homeomorphic images) of the sets under certain mappings that might be described as deformations. Topology is sometimes described as geometry done on a rubber sheet; this sheet can be pulled or stretched into different shapes. Topological properties are unaltered by distortions of this kind. Topological properties can be attributed to graphs, grammars, and even programs themselves.
2. (interconnection topology) See network architecture.

Internet

The layout of a computer network in terms of the number and type of connections made between the computers and the types and functions of the computers used.

Geology and Earth Sciences

In phylogenetics, the branching pattern of a phylogenetic tree.

Geography

This explicitly defines spatial relationships between connecting or adjacent features in geographic data; the arrangement that defines how point, line, and polygon features share coincident geometry. In geography, topology generally refers to the location of nodes and their connectivity to other nodes to form networks. The London Tube map is a topological map, for the connections are important, and not the precise location of nodes and routes. In a geographic information system, topology is a set of rules that define the relationship between points, lines, and polygons. ESRI enables topology generation within its geodatabase feature classes.

单词	topology
释义	topology Physics The branch of geometry concerned with the properties of geometrical objects that are unchanged by continuous deformations, such as twisting or stretching. Mathematical approaches employing topology are of great importance in modern theories of the fundamental interactions and in many other branches of physics. Mathematics The area of mathematics concerned with the general properties of shapes and space, and in particular with the study of properties that are not changed by continuous distortions (see continuous function) such as stretching. Also the name given to the family of open sets in a topological space (or metric space). See algebraic topology, combinatorial topology, differential topology, general topology, geometric topology. Chemistry A branch of geometry concerned with geometrical properties that are invariant under continuous deformations, such as bending or stretching, but not tearing or sticking together. Topology has many applications in chemistry, particularly in discussions of the structures of molecules or solids in terms of the connections between atoms and electron counting rules. There are some quantum numbers in certain systems, including systems in which superconductivity occurs, that arise because of topology rather than the symmetry of the system. Among the branches of topology used in chemistry are graph theory and knot theory. Computer 1. The study of those properties of sets that are shared by all images (homeomorphic images) of the sets under certain mappings that might be described as deformations. Topology is sometimes described as geometry done on a rubber sheet; this sheet can be pulled or stretched into different shapes. Topological properties are unaltered by distortions of this kind. Topological properties can be attributed to graphs, grammars, and even programs themselves. 2. (interconnection topology) See network architecture. Internet The layout of a computer network in terms of the number and type of connections made between the computers and the types and functions of the computers used. Geology and Earth Sciences In phylogenetics, the branching pattern of a phylogenetic tree. Geography This explicitly defines spatial relationships between connecting or adjacent features in geographic data; the arrangement that defines how point, line, and polygon features share coincident geometry. In geography, topology generally refers to the location of nodes and their connectivity to other nodes to form networks. The London Tube map is a topological map, for the connections are important, and not the precise location of nodes and routes. In a geographic information system, topology is a set of rules that define the relationship between points, lines, and polygons. ESRI enables topology generation within its geodatabase feature classes.
随便看	stratified sample stratified sampling stratiform deposit stratiformis stratigraphic stratigraphic column stratigraphic correlation stratigraphic cross-section stratigraphic nomenclature stratigraphic reef stratigraphic scale stratigraphic trap stratigraphic unit stratigraphy stratocumulus stratomere Stratonician presumption Strato of Lampsacus (d. 269) stratopause stratophenetic classification stratophenetics stratosphere Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment-III Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy