“base surge”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

base surge

Geology and Earth Sciences

A turbulent, dilute flow of ash and either water or steam, which expands radially as a collar-like cloud from the base of a vertically venting eruption column generated by the explosive interaction of magma and water. The surges are commonly cold and wet, consisting of ash mixed with water at temperatures below 100 °C. With a high magma:water mass ratio the surges can become dry and hot, consisting of ash mixed with steam. Base surges can be very hazardous, as was the one that occurred during the eruption of Taal, Philippines, 1965. Radially expanding basal clouds observed in nuclear explosions are a type of base surge. See surge.

Geography

A type of pyroclastic surge that forms at the base of volcano eruption columns and travels outward during some hydroclastic eruptions. As base surges move laterally away from the eruptive vent, they lose heat, sediment load, and velocity, which directly affects the resulting deposits. The sedimentary structures observed within surge deposits are also directly related to the amount of liquid water involved (Brand (2004) Rocky Mt. & Cordill. Meeting GSA Abstract 37–5). See also R. Fisher and H.-U. Schmincke (1984).

单词	base surge
释义	base surge Geology and Earth Sciences A turbulent, dilute flow of ash and either water or steam, which expands radially as a collar-like cloud from the base of a vertically venting eruption column generated by the explosive interaction of magma and water. The surges are commonly cold and wet, consisting of ash mixed with water at temperatures below 100 °C. With a high magma:water mass ratio the surges can become dry and hot, consisting of ash mixed with steam. Base surges can be very hazardous, as was the one that occurred during the eruption of Taal, Philippines, 1965. Radially expanding basal clouds observed in nuclear explosions are a type of base surge. See surge. Geography A type of pyroclastic surge that forms at the base of volcano eruption columns and travels outward during some hydroclastic eruptions. As base surges move laterally away from the eruptive vent, they lose heat, sediment load, and velocity, which directly affects the resulting deposits. The sedimentary structures observed within surge deposits are also directly related to the amount of liquid water involved (Brand (2004) Rocky Mt. & Cordill. Meeting GSA Abstract 37–5). See also R. Fisher and H.-U. Schmincke (1984).
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