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单词 lithium
释义
lithium

Chemistry
  • A soft silvery metal, the first member of group 1 (formerly IA) of the periodic table (see alkali metals); a.n. 3; r.a.m. 6.939; r.d. 0.534; m.p. 180.54°C; b.p. 1347°C. It is a rare element found in spodumene (LiAlSi2O6), petalite (LiAlSi4O10), the mica lepidolite, and certain brines. It is usually extracted by treatment with sulphuric acid to give the sulphate, which is converted to the chloride. This is mixed with a small amount of potassium chloride, melted, and electrolysed. The stable isotopes are lithium–6 and lithium–7. Lithium–5 and lithium–8 are short-lived radioisotopes. The metal is used to remove oxygen in metallurgy and as a constituent of some Al and Mg alloys. It is also used in batteries and is a potential tritium source for fusion research. Lithium salts are used in psychomedicine. The element reacts with oxygen and water; on heating it also reacts with nitrogen and hydrogen. Its chemistry differs somewhat from that of the other group 1 elements because of the small size of the Li+ ion. Lithium was discovered in 1817 by Johan August Arfwedson (1792–1841).

    https://www.webelements.com/lithium/ Information from the WebElements site


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