The material and/or symbolic ground upon which action by social groups takes place. ‘A terrain of resistance is simultaneously both metaphoric and literal’ (Routledge (1996) Pol. Geog. 15, 6/7). See also Routledge (2000) GeoJournal 52, 1. R. Neumann (1998), for example, shows how Arusha National Park, Tanzania, ‘embodies all the political-ecological dilemmas facing protected areas in Africa’.