“statistical mechanics”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

statistical mechanics

Physics

The branch of physics in which statistical methods are applied to the microscopic constituents of a system in order to predict its macroscopic properties. The earliest application of this method was the 19th-century work by Maxwell and Boltzmann, which attempted to explain the thermodynamic properties of gases on the basis of the statistical properties of large assemblies of molecules.

In classical statistical mechanics, each particle is regarded as occupying a point in phase space, i.e. to have an exact position and momentum at any particular instant. The probability that this point will occupy any small volume of the phase space is taken to be proportional to the volume. The Maxwell–Boltzmann law gives the most probable distribution of the particles in phase space.

With the advent of quantum theory, the exactness of these premises was disturbed (by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle). In the quantum statistics that evolved as a result, the phase space is divided into cells, each having a volume h^f, where h is the Planck constant and f is the number of degrees of freedom of the particles. This new concept led to Bose–Einstein statistics and, for particles obeying the Pauli exclusion principle, to Fermi–Dirac statistics.

Mathematics

In mechanics, when a system involves a large number of particles, statistical methods are used to analyse the equations of motion rather than in terms of individual particles. Maxwell and Boltzmann were pioneers in this area, and the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution describes the distribution of speeds of a large number of gas molecules. This applies for low-density or high temperature gases, but otherwise quantum theoretical aspects become relevant and Bose-Einstein statistics are instead necessary.

Chemistry

The branch of physics in which statistical methods are applied to the microscopic constituents of a system in order to predict its macroscopic properties. The earliest application of this method was Boltzmann’s attempt to explain the thermodynamic properties of gases on the basis of the statistical properties of large assemblies of molecules.
In classical statistical mechanics, each particle is regarded as occupying a point in phase space, i.e. to have an exact position and momentum at any particular instant. The probability that this point will occupy any small volume of the phase space is taken to be proportional to the volume. The Maxwell-Boltzmann law gives the most probable distribution of the particles in phase space.
With the advent of quantum theory, the exactness of these premises was disturbed (by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle). In the quantum statistics that evolved as a result, the phase space is divided into cells, each having a volume h^f, where h is the Planck constant and f is the number of degrees of freedom of the particles. This new concept led to Bose-Einstein statistics, and for particles obeying the Pauli exclusion principle, to Fermi–Dirac statistics.

Chemical Engineering

The study of the properties of physical systems that can be predicted by the statistical behaviour of their constituent parts.

单词	statistical mechanics
释义	statistical mechanics Physics The branch of physics in which statistical methods are applied to the microscopic constituents of a system in order to predict its macroscopic properties. The earliest application of this method was the 19th-century work by Maxwell and Boltzmann, which attempted to explain the thermodynamic properties of gases on the basis of the statistical properties of large assemblies of molecules. In classical statistical mechanics, each particle is regarded as occupying a point in phase space, i.e. to have an exact position and momentum at any particular instant. The probability that this point will occupy any small volume of the phase space is taken to be proportional to the volume. The Maxwell–Boltzmann law gives the most probable distribution of the particles in phase space. With the advent of quantum theory, the exactness of these premises was disturbed (by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle). In the quantum statistics that evolved as a result, the phase space is divided into cells, each having a volume h^f, where h is the Planck constant and f is the number of degrees of freedom of the particles. This new concept led to Bose–Einstein statistics and, for particles obeying the Pauli exclusion principle, to Fermi–Dirac statistics. Mathematics In mechanics, when a system involves a large number of particles, statistical methods are used to analyse the equations of motion rather than in terms of individual particles. Maxwell and Boltzmann were pioneers in this area, and the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution describes the distribution of speeds of a large number of gas molecules. This applies for low-density or high temperature gases, but otherwise quantum theoretical aspects become relevant and Bose-Einstein statistics are instead necessary. Chemistry The branch of physics in which statistical methods are applied to the microscopic constituents of a system in order to predict its macroscopic properties. The earliest application of this method was Boltzmann’s attempt to explain the thermodynamic properties of gases on the basis of the statistical properties of large assemblies of molecules. In classical statistical mechanics, each particle is regarded as occupying a point in phase space, i.e. to have an exact position and momentum at any particular instant. The probability that this point will occupy any small volume of the phase space is taken to be proportional to the volume. The Maxwell-Boltzmann law gives the most probable distribution of the particles in phase space. With the advent of quantum theory, the exactness of these premises was disturbed (by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle). In the quantum statistics that evolved as a result, the phase space is divided into cells, each having a volume h^f, where h is the Planck constant and f is the number of degrees of freedom of the particles. This new concept led to Bose-Einstein statistics, and for particles obeying the Pauli exclusion principle, to Fermi–Dirac statistics. Chemical Engineering The study of the properties of physical systems that can be predicted by the statistical behaviour of their constituent parts.
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