“Leblanc process”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Leblanc process

Chemistry

An obsolete process for manufacturing sodium carbonate. The raw materials were sodium chloride, sulphuric acid, coke, and limestone (calcium carbonate), and the process involved two stages. First the sodium chloride was heated with sulphuric acid to give sodium sulphate:
$2 NaCl (s) + H_{2} {SO}_{4} (1) \to {Na}_{2} {SO}_{4} (s) + 2 HCl (g)$
The sodium sulphate was then heated with coke and limestone:
${Na}_{2} {SO}_{4} + 2 C + {CaCO}_{3} \to {Na}_{2} {CO}_{3} + CaS + {2 CO}_{2}$
Calcium sulphide was a by-product, the sodium carbonate being extracted by crystallization. The process, invented in 1791 by the French chemist Nicolas Leblanc (1742–1806), was the first for producing sodium carbonate synthetically (earlier methods were from wood ash and other vegetable sources). By the end of the 19th century it had been largely replaced by the Solvay process.

Chemical Engineering

A process used in the nineteenth century for the manufacture of sodium carbonate from salt and superseded an earlier process of manufacturing soda from (p. 218) the ash of seaweed. The essential features of the Leblanc process were the conversion of sodium chloride to sodium sulphate by the action of heated sulphuric acid:
$\begin{array}{l} N a C l + H_{2} S O_{4} = N a_{2} H S O_{4} + H C l \\ N a_{2} H S O_{4} + N a C l = N a_{2} S O_{4} + H C l \end{array}$

The sodium sulphite was then reduced to sulphide and converted to carbonate by double decomposition with calcium carbonate in the form of limestone:
$\begin{array}{l} N a_{2} S O_{4} + 4 C = N a_{2} S + 4 C O \\ N a_{2} S + C a C O_{3} = C a S + N a_{2} C O_{3} \end{array}$

The salt cake was mixed with limestone and powdered coal and heated in a rotary furnace. The product was known as black ash. The sodium carbonate was extracted with water and crystallized from the calcium sulphide by-product. Invented in 1783 by the French chemist Nicolas Leblanc (1742–1806), this was the first synthetic production of sodium carbonate. The Leblanc process was superseded by the cheaper Solvay process and is the only method still used for making sodium carbonate.

单词	Leblanc process
释义	Leblanc process Chemistry An obsolete process for manufacturing sodium carbonate. The raw materials were sodium chloride, sulphuric acid, coke, and limestone (calcium carbonate), and the process involved two stages. First the sodium chloride was heated with sulphuric acid to give sodium sulphate: $2 NaCl (s) + H_{2} {SO}_{4} (1) \to {Na}_{2} {SO}_{4} (s) + 2 HCl (g)$ The sodium sulphate was then heated with coke and limestone: ${Na}_{2} {SO}_{4} + 2 C + {CaCO}_{3} \to {Na}_{2} {CO}_{3} + CaS + {2 CO}_{2}$ Calcium sulphide was a by-product, the sodium carbonate being extracted by crystallization. The process, invented in 1791 by the French chemist Nicolas Leblanc (1742–1806), was the first for producing sodium carbonate synthetically (earlier methods were from wood ash and other vegetable sources). By the end of the 19th century it had been largely replaced by the Solvay process. Chemical Engineering A process used in the nineteenth century for the manufacture of sodium carbonate from salt and superseded an earlier process of manufacturing soda from (p. 218) the ash of seaweed. The essential features of the Leblanc process were the conversion of sodium chloride to sodium sulphate by the action of heated sulphuric acid: $\begin{array}{l} N a C l + H_{2} S O_{4} = N a_{2} H S O_{4} + H C l \\ N a_{2} H S O_{4} + N a C l = N a_{2} S O_{4} + H C l \end{array}$ The sodium sulphite was then reduced to sulphide and converted to carbonate by double decomposition with calcium carbonate in the form of limestone: $\begin{array}{l} N a_{2} S O_{4} + 4 C = N a_{2} S + 4 C O \\ N a_{2} S + C a C O_{3} = C a S + N a_{2} C O_{3} \end{array}$ The salt cake was mixed with limestone and powdered coal and heated in a rotary furnace. The product was known as black ash. The sodium carbonate was extracted with water and crystallized from the calcium sulphide by-product. Invented in 1783 by the French chemist Nicolas Leblanc (1742–1806), this was the first synthetic production of sodium carbonate. The Leblanc process was superseded by the cheaper Solvay process and is the only method still used for making sodium carbonate.
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