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单词 antibody
释义
antibody

Chemistry
  • A protein in the immune system that identifies and counteracts entities such as bacteria or viruses. It does so by recognizing a particular part of the invading entity called an antigen. The structure of an antibody is Y-shaped, with two large chains and two small chains. An antibody works by a ‘lock and key’ principle, with each tip of the Y containing a ‘lock’ that is specific for a ‘key’ on the antigen.


Biology
  • A protein (see immunoglobulin) produced by certain white blood cells (plasma cells) in response to entry into the body of a foreign substance (antigen) in order to render it harmless. An antibody-antigen reaction is highly specific. Antibody production is one aspect of the immune response and is stimulated by such antigens as invading bacteria, foreign red blood cells (see abo system), inhaled pollen grains or dust, and foreign tissue grafts. Specific monoclonal antibodies are now used in various types of immunoassay. See also b cell; immunity.


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