Anaphora in general is used of coreferential relations, where one element in a sentence takes its meaning or reference from another. In ‘John said that it would rain, but I don’t believe it’ the last ‘it’ refers back to what John said. In the study in linguistics known as government-binding theory, specific terms like ‘himself’ or ‘each other’ form noun phrases that are necessarily dependent upon an antecedent. Some anaphoric relations are felicitously symbolized by the use of bound variables. Cataphora arises when a word is to be interpreted in terms of what is still to come: forward-looking anaphora.