“Kolbe’s method”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Kolbe’s method

Chemistry

单词	Kolbe’s method
释义	Kolbe’s method Chemistry A method of making alkanes by electrolysing a solution of a carboxylic acid salt. For a salt Na⁺RCOO⁻, the carboxylate ions lose electrons at the cathode to give radicals: ${RCOO}^{-} - e \to RCOO \cdot$ These decompose to give alkyl radicals $RCOO \cdot \to R \cdot + {CO}_{2}$ Two alkyl radicals couple to give an alkane $R \cdot + R \cdot \to RR$ The method can only be used for hydrocarbons with an even number of carbon atoms, although mixtures of two salts can be electrolysed to give a mixture of three products. The method was discovered by the German chemist Herman Kolbe (1818–84), who electrolysed pentanoic acid (C₄H₉COOH) in 1849 and obtained a hydrocarbon, which he assumed was the substance ‘butyl’ C₄H₉ (actually octane, C₈H₁₈).
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