A Russian company that builds spacecraft, including the Proton rocket, various satellites, and the Zvezda module for the International Space Station (ISS). KhSC is an active partner with Western nations, including a project with Lockheed Martin to produce the simpler, low-cost Angara rocket. The more advanced Angara A4B was scheduled to be launched in 2005.

Located in Moscow, KhSC is a former defence enterprise. Since 1995, KhSC has also used its space technologies to produce medical equipment, such as pressure chambers to treat respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In 1997 it joined with Motorola for the Iridium system of global satellites for mobile telephones.