Organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group (>C=O) linked to two hydrocarbon groups. The ketone group is a carbonyl group with two single bonds to other carbon atoms. In systematic chemical nomenclature, ketone names end with the suffix -one. Examples are propanone (acetone), CH3COCH3, and butanone (methyl ethyl ketone), CH3COC2H5. Ketones can be made by oxidizing secondary alcohols to convert the C–OH group to C=O. Certain ketones form addition compounds with sodium hydrogensulphate(IV) (sodium hydrogensulphite). They also form addition compounds with hydrogen cyanide to give cyanohydrins and with alcohols to give ketals. They undergo condensation reactions to yield oximes, hydrazones, phenylhydrazones, and semicarbazones. These are reactions that they share with aldehydes. Unlike aldehydes, they do not affect Fehling’s solution or Tollens reagent and do not easily oxidize. Strong oxidizing agents produce a mixture of carboxylic acids; butanone, for example, gives ethanoic and propanoic acids.
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