“algorithm”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

algorithm

Physics

A method of solving a problem, involving a finite series of steps. In computing practice the algorithm denotes the expression on paper of the proposed computing process (often by means of a flowchart) prior to the preparation of the program. If no algorithm is possible a heuristic solution has to be sought. See also Turing machine.

Mathematics

A precisely described routine procedure that can be applied and systematically followed through to a conclusion. The word derives from the mathematician Khwārizmī.

Statistics

A procedure consisting of a series of steps, often repetitive, for solving a problem.

Chemical Engineering

A mathematical method or operation that follows a scheme of calculations or steps designed to be repeated such that the result from one calculation forms the basis of the next. The stage-by-stage computation of the liquid and vapour flows and compositions in a distillation process is based on a defined algorithm.

Computer

A prescribed set of well-defined rules or instructions for the solution of a problem, such as the performance of a calculation, in a finite number of steps. Expressing an algorithm in a formal notation is one of the main parts of a program; much that is said about programs applies to algorithms, and vice versa. An effective algorithm is one that is effectively computable (see effective computability). The study of whether effective algorithms exist to compute particular quantities forms the basis of the theory of algorithms.
Save for the simplest of algorithms it is difficult to prove that an algorithm is correct (see program correctness proof), or even to specify the effect it is intended to achieve. In practice it is usually necessary to be content with algorithm validation. This process certifies, or verifies, that an algorithm will perform the calculation required of it. It involves testing the routine against a variety of instances of the problem and ensuring that it performs satisfactorily for these test cases. If the test set is chosen sufficiently well there can then be confidence in the algorithm.
Algorithm analysis is the study of the performance characteristics of a given algorithm. One branch of this study, average-case analysis, examines the average behaviour of the algorithm. Worst-case analysis studies the behaviour when all circumstances are as unfavourable as possible. Algorithms can be analysed in terms of their complexity and efficiency, where algorithm efficiency is characterized by its order.

Internet

A documented series of steps which leads to the transformation of some data or production of results based on the data. Computer programs are a manifestation of algorithms which allow them to be executed very quickly. Without algorithms, computer programs would not work.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

A planned set of instructions or steps in a computer program that is designed to solve a particular problem.

Philosophy

A set of rules or instructions that will result in the solution of a problem. An algorithm gives a decision procedure, or computable method for solving a problem. Although an algorithm will solve the problem, it may not do so efficiently, and in the theory of computation algorithms may be measured for their efficiency and their behaviour in various circumstances, for example across average cases and unfavourable cases. See also Church’s thesis, decision problem, recursive, Turing machine.

单词	algorithm
释义	algorithm Physics A method of solving a problem, involving a finite series of steps. In computing practice the algorithm denotes the expression on paper of the proposed computing process (often by means of a flowchart) prior to the preparation of the program. If no algorithm is possible a heuristic solution has to be sought. See also Turing machine. Mathematics A precisely described routine procedure that can be applied and systematically followed through to a conclusion. The word derives from the mathematician Khwārizmī. Statistics A procedure consisting of a series of steps, often repetitive, for solving a problem. Chemical Engineering A mathematical method or operation that follows a scheme of calculations or steps designed to be repeated such that the result from one calculation forms the basis of the next. The stage-by-stage computation of the liquid and vapour flows and compositions in a distillation process is based on a defined algorithm. Computer A prescribed set of well-defined rules or instructions for the solution of a problem, such as the performance of a calculation, in a finite number of steps. Expressing an algorithm in a formal notation is one of the main parts of a program; much that is said about programs applies to algorithms, and vice versa. An effective algorithm is one that is effectively computable (see effective computability). The study of whether effective algorithms exist to compute particular quantities forms the basis of the theory of algorithms. Save for the simplest of algorithms it is difficult to prove that an algorithm is correct (see program correctness proof), or even to specify the effect it is intended to achieve. In practice it is usually necessary to be content with algorithm validation. This process certifies, or verifies, that an algorithm will perform the calculation required of it. It involves testing the routine against a variety of instances of the problem and ensuring that it performs satisfactorily for these test cases. If the test set is chosen sufficiently well there can then be confidence in the algorithm. Algorithm analysis is the study of the performance characteristics of a given algorithm. One branch of this study, average-case analysis, examines the average behaviour of the algorithm. Worst-case analysis studies the behaviour when all circumstances are as unfavourable as possible. Algorithms can be analysed in terms of their complexity and efficiency, where algorithm efficiency is characterized by its order. Internet A documented series of steps which leads to the transformation of some data or production of results based on the data. Computer programs are a manifestation of algorithms which allow them to be executed very quickly. Without algorithms, computer programs would not work. Electronics and Electrical Engineering A planned set of instructions or steps in a computer program that is designed to solve a particular problem. Philosophy A set of rules or instructions that will result in the solution of a problem. An algorithm gives a decision procedure, or computable method for solving a problem. Although an algorithm will solve the problem, it may not do so efficiently, and in the theory of computation algorithms may be measured for their efficiency and their behaviour in various circumstances, for example across average cases and unfavourable cases. See also Church’s thesis, decision problem, recursive, Turing machine.
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