Agriculture with a ‘manufacturing’ approach: units are large, technology is standardized, and the producer is responding to the processers’ requirements. Green et al. (2003) J. Environ. Policy & Plan. 5, 145 write ‘within agriculture, there is high energy use (especially in machinery) and a large demand for water, requiring substantial investment in irrigation systems. Crop production relies heavily on synthetic chemicals as fertilizers and pesticides, though chemical use has become more targeted. Since 1960, there has been a dramatic upsurge in the use of “hybrid” seeds as part of the “green revolution”; in the 1990s, in some countries and for a small number of crops, new seeds have been produced based on methods of genetic modification (GM). Animal rearing is similarly industrialized, as meat production soars, with corresponding criticisms of inadequate attention being paid to animal welfare. Farms will typically be large, with low (and reducing) labour inputs and with integrated forms of farm and crop management. Applying the classic “Fordist” model of manufacturing to the primary sector, high-input efficiency and labour productivity of agriculture is matched to the production of uniform products geared for mass markets. High-yield mono-cropping reduces pressure on marginal land and reduces the amount of land needed for agriculture’. This is an excellent article from which to begin.