A system of production which aims to deliver all the necessary inputs, such as raw materials, components, and labour, just in time for the appropriate stage of production. This is essentially a flexible system of manufacturing, linked with small production runs and flexible methods of production. It is largely credited with being a Japanese innovation. ‘Dell [computers] has created a distinctive geography based upon a small number of geographically dispersed, strategically located assembly sites connected into close concentrations of suppliers needed for its just-in-time system…“we are not experts in the technology we buy. We are experts in the technology of supply chain integration” ’ (G. Fields 2004).