“jet”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

jet

Physics

A set of particles produced from the vacuum state by the movement of quarks and gluons with high momentum found in electron–positron annihilation. The energy associated with electron–positron annihilation produces quark–antiquark pairs. The quark and antiquark move away from each other very rapidly if the electron and positron had high energies. The potential energy between the quark and antiquark grows as they separate, thus causing further quarks and antiquarks to emerge from the vacuum. These are swept along with the original quark and antiquark. The overall effect is that two jets of hadrons emerge, one in the direction of the first quark, the other in the direction of the first antiquark. Quantum chromodynamics predicts that about 10% of the events have three jets, the third jet being due to gluons. This prediction was confirmed experimentally in the late 1970s.

Astronomy

A narrow, bright feature associated with several types of astronomical object. Jets are seen mainly at radio but occasionally at other wavelengths. They emerge from the core of certain active galaxies and may extend for many hundreds of kiloparsecs. In some sources, notably radio galaxies, jets are commonly seen on both sides of the nucleus (double-sided jet) while in others, such as quasars, only one jet is normally seen (single-sided jet). Some jets exhibit the phenomenon of superluminal velocity. Optical stellar jets are seen emerging from young stars such as T Tauri stars and FU Orionis stars, and are associated with Herbig–Haro objects. The X-ray binary system SS433 has two jets.

Space Exploration

A narrow luminous feature seen protruding from a star or galaxy and representing a rapid outflow of material. See active galaxy.

Chemistry

A variety of coal that can be cut and polished and is used for jewellery, ornaments, etc.

Geology and Earth Sciences

A hard, black, and lustrous form of lignite, found in isolated masses within organic-rich shales. Jet is thought to form from the waterlogged debris of driftwood.

单词	jet
释义	jet Physics A set of particles produced from the vacuum state by the movement of quarks and gluons with high momentum found in electron–positron annihilation. The energy associated with electron–positron annihilation produces quark–antiquark pairs. The quark and antiquark move away from each other very rapidly if the electron and positron had high energies. The potential energy between the quark and antiquark grows as they separate, thus causing further quarks and antiquarks to emerge from the vacuum. These are swept along with the original quark and antiquark. The overall effect is that two jets of hadrons emerge, one in the direction of the first quark, the other in the direction of the first antiquark. Quantum chromodynamics predicts that about 10% of the events have three jets, the third jet being due to gluons. This prediction was confirmed experimentally in the late 1970s. Astronomy A narrow, bright feature associated with several types of astronomical object. Jets are seen mainly at radio but occasionally at other wavelengths. They emerge from the core of certain active galaxies and may extend for many hundreds of kiloparsecs. In some sources, notably radio galaxies, jets are commonly seen on both sides of the nucleus (double-sided jet) while in others, such as quasars, only one jet is normally seen (single-sided jet). Some jets exhibit the phenomenon of superluminal velocity. Optical stellar jets are seen emerging from young stars such as T Tauri stars and FU Orionis stars, and are associated with Herbig–Haro objects. The X-ray binary system SS433 has two jets. Space Exploration A narrow luminous feature seen protruding from a star or galaxy and representing a rapid outflow of material. See active galaxy. Chemistry A variety of coal that can be cut and polished and is used for jewellery, ornaments, etc. Geology and Earth Sciences A hard, black, and lustrous form of lignite, found in isolated masses within organic-rich shales. Jet is thought to form from the waterlogged debris of driftwood.
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