A Japanese facility forming part of the International Space Station (ISS). Kibo's components were launched by the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) in 2006 and 2009. Kibo is Japan's first crewed spacecraft, designed to accommodate four astronauts to conduct experiments over a long duration.

The major part of Kibo is a pressurized module (PM), which is 11.2 m long and 4.4 m in diameter. It is furnished with ten racks of equipment to be used mainly for microgravity experiments. The other experimental component is the exposed facility (EF) located outside the ISS, enabling direct use of the space environment. Both components include an experiment logistics module (ELM) attached as a storage area. The ELMs are detachable, allowing their return to Earth via space shuttle where they will be filled with cargo for another launch. The final unit of Kibo is a remote manipulator system (JEMRMS), to move experiment payloads from the PM to other areas.