“stress”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

stress

Physics

The force per unit area on a body that tends to cause it to deform (see strain). It is a measure of the internal forces in a body between particles of the material of which it consists as they resist separation, compression, or sliding in response to externally applied forces. Tensile stress and compressive stress are axial forces per unit area applied to a body that tend either to extend it or compress it linearly. Shear stress is a tangential force per unit area that tends to shear a body. See also elasticity; elastic modulus.

Mathematics

The force per unit area across a surface of a body. Different types of stress are shear, tensile, and compressive, and all bodies undergo it. As with elastic strings and springs most bodies revert to their original shapes once the stress is removed, but if the stress is too great they may remain in the deformed state or even break (see deformation). In more advanced models in solid mechanics stress is represented as a rank two tensor.

Statistics

See multidimensional scaling.

Chemical Engineering

An applied force over a given area of a material that produces a strain. The SI units for stress are N m⁻².

Geology and Earth Sciences

A measure of the intensity of a force (F) acting upon a body as a function of its area (A), such that stress = F/A, in units of N/m². Stress can be resolved into two important components. Compressive (tensile) stress (σ‎) acts normal to the surface (see normal stress) and changes the volume of the body; shear stress (τ‎) acts parallel to the surface and changes the shape of the body. See also strain.

Geography

The force applied to a unit area of a substance measured in newtons per square metre. Compressive stress crushes the rock; see Bunds (2001) GSA Bull. 113, 7. Tensile stress is a force which tends to pull a rock or soil apart and which may cause fractures and pores to open; see Wiprut and Zoback (2000) Geology 28, 7.

单词	stress
释义	stress Physics The force per unit area on a body that tends to cause it to deform (see strain). It is a measure of the internal forces in a body between particles of the material of which it consists as they resist separation, compression, or sliding in response to externally applied forces. Tensile stress and compressive stress are axial forces per unit area applied to a body that tend either to extend it or compress it linearly. Shear stress is a tangential force per unit area that tends to shear a body. See also elasticity; elastic modulus. Mathematics The force per unit area across a surface of a body. Different types of stress are shear, tensile, and compressive, and all bodies undergo it. As with elastic strings and springs most bodies revert to their original shapes once the stress is removed, but if the stress is too great they may remain in the deformed state or even break (see deformation). In more advanced models in solid mechanics stress is represented as a rank two tensor. Statistics See multidimensional scaling. Chemical Engineering An applied force over a given area of a material that produces a strain. The SI units for stress are N m⁻². Geology and Earth Sciences A measure of the intensity of a force (F) acting upon a body as a function of its area (A), such that stress = F/A, in units of N/m². Stress can be resolved into two important components. Compressive (tensile) stress (σ‎) acts normal to the surface (see normal stress) and changes the volume of the body; shear stress (τ‎) acts parallel to the surface and changes the shape of the body. See also strain. Geography The force applied to a unit area of a substance measured in newtons per square metre. Compressive stress crushes the rock; see Bunds (2001) GSA Bull. 113, 7. Tensile stress is a force which tends to pull a rock or soil apart and which may cause fractures and pores to open; see Wiprut and Zoback (2000) Geology 28, 7.
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