“strain gauge”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

strain gauge

Physics

A device used to measure a small mechanical deformation in a body (see strain). The most widely used devices are metal wires or foils or semiconductor materials, such as a single silicon crystal, which are attached to structural members; when the members are stretched under tensile stress the resistance of the metal or semiconductor element increases. By making the resistance a component in a Wheatstone bridge circuit an estimate of the strain can be made by noting the change in resistance. Other types of strain gauge rely on changes of capacitance or the magnetic induction between two coils, one of which is attached to the stressed member.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

An instrument that measures strain at the surface of a solid body by means of changes in the electrical properties of associated circuits. There are several types of strain gauge.
A resistance strain gauge consists of a fine wire attached to the surface. The length of the wire is altered by the strain, causing an associated variation in the resistance.
An electromagnetic strain gauge consists of a small soft-iron armature attached to the surface and free to move inside a fixed inductive coil. Movement of the surface alters the position of the armature causing an associated variation in the inductance of the coil.
A variable capacitance gauge consists of a parallel plate capacitor that has one fixed plate and the other attached to the surface. The strain causes the separation of the plates, and hence the capacitance, to be varied.
Piezoelectric or magnetostriction strain gauges have a suitable piezoelectric or magnetostrictive crystal attached to the surface. The strain is measured by the associated piezoelectric or magnetostrictive changes that it induces.

Geology and Earth Sciences

A device for measuring strain.

单词	strain gauge
释义	strain gauge Physics A device used to measure a small mechanical deformation in a body (see strain). The most widely used devices are metal wires or foils or semiconductor materials, such as a single silicon crystal, which are attached to structural members; when the members are stretched under tensile stress the resistance of the metal or semiconductor element increases. By making the resistance a component in a Wheatstone bridge circuit an estimate of the strain can be made by noting the change in resistance. Other types of strain gauge rely on changes of capacitance or the magnetic induction between two coils, one of which is attached to the stressed member. Electronics and Electrical Engineering An instrument that measures strain at the surface of a solid body by means of changes in the electrical properties of associated circuits. There are several types of strain gauge. A resistance strain gauge consists of a fine wire attached to the surface. The length of the wire is altered by the strain, causing an associated variation in the resistance. An electromagnetic strain gauge consists of a small soft-iron armature attached to the surface and free to move inside a fixed inductive coil. Movement of the surface alters the position of the armature causing an associated variation in the inductance of the coil. A variable capacitance gauge consists of a parallel plate capacitor that has one fixed plate and the other attached to the surface. The strain causes the separation of the plates, and hence the capacitance, to be varied. Piezoelectric or magnetostriction strain gauges have a suitable piezoelectric or magnetostrictive crystal attached to the surface. The strain is measured by the associated piezoelectric or magnetostrictive changes that it induces. Geology and Earth Sciences A device for measuring strain.
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