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单词 strain
释义
strain
Physics

  • A measure of the extent to which a body is deformed when it is subjected to a stress. The linear strain or tensile strain is the ratio of the change in length to the original length. The bulk strain or volume strain is the ratio of the change in volume to the original volume. The shear strain is the angular distortion in radians of a body subjected to a shearing force. See also elasticity; elastic modulus.

Mathematics

  • Hooke’s law for a spring states that T = λ‎x/l, where T is tension, l natural length, x is extension, and λ‎ denotes Young’s modulus. The strain is then the dimensionless quantity x/l. In more advanced models in solid mechanics strain is represented as a rank two tensor at each point of a body.

Chemistry

  • An increase in the internal energy of a molecule associated with bond angles and lengths not having their usual values. There are several types of strain. In steric strain large functional groups prevent the usual values of bond angles and lengths. There is also torsional strain, which is resistance to twisting in ring molecules. In small ring molecules angle strain is common.

Chemical Engineering

  • The dimensionless change in a material produced by an applied stress divided by the original dimension. For a wire held vertically and stretched by a weight, the strain is the extended length expressed as a ratio of the original upstretched length.

Geology and Earth Sciences

  • The dimensional change in the shape or volume of a body as a result of an applied stress or stresses. Strain is the ratio of the altered length, area, or volume to its original value, and may be homogeneous or inhomogeneous, and involve distortion, dilation, and rotation. See hooke’s law; poisson’s ratio; pure shear; simple shear; shear modulus.
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