A collaborative research process whereby people with a particular issue work with academics; ‘it seeks to democratize knowledge production and foster opportunities for empowerment by those involved’ (Kindon, Pain, and Kesby [2008] in International Encyclopedia of Human Geography). An excellent example is provided by Young and Barrett (2001) Area 33, 2, 141, who examine the use of four ‘action’ methods for eliciting and acting upon information from street children in Kampala. In comparison with activist research, action research is guided by a pragmatic, problem-solving approach, and is not necessarily underpinned by radical politics.