A solid or semi-solid substance with may be either a monoester of fatty acids or a mixture of hydrocarbons of high molecular weight. As a monoester, such as beeswax, the acid and alcohol proportions both have long saturated carbon chains:
Waxes are used to make polishes, cosmetics, pharmaceutical preparations, ointments, and candles. In nature, waxes coat leaves and stems in plants that grow in arid conditions and have a protective effect.