“absorption coefficient”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

absorption coefficient

Physics

1. (in physics) See Lambert’s laws.

2. (in chemistry) The volume of a given gas, measured at standard temperature and pressure, that will dissolve in unit volume of a given liquid.

Astronomy

A measure of the decrease in intensity of radiation as it passes through a medium. It is the reciprocal of the distance required to reduce the radiation to 1/e of its original value (where e is a constant equal to 2.718).

Chemistry

1. (in spectroscopy) The molar absorption coefficient (symbol ϵ‎) is a quantity that characterizes the absorption of light (or any other type of electromagnetic radiation) as it passes through a sample of the absorbing material. It has the dimensions of 1/(concentration ×‎ length). ϵ‎ is dependent on the frequency of the incident light; its highest value occurs where the absorption is most intense. Since absorption bands usually spread over a range of values of the frequency ν‎ it is useful to define a quantity called the integrated absorption coefficient, A, which is the integral of all the absorption coefficients in the band, i.e. A = ∫ϵ(ν)dν‎. This quantity characterizes the intensity of a transition. It was formerly called the extinction coefficient. See also Beer–Lambert law.
2. The volume of a given gas, measured at standard temperature and pressure, that will dissolve in unit volume of a given liquid.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

For a travelling wave in a lossy medium, the fraction of the power lost per incremental length, given in differential form by
$α = - \frac{1}{I} \frac{d I}{d z}$
This gives the expression for intensity as a function of length as $I = I_{0} e^{- α z}$ when integrated. For a travelling wave in a dielectric waveguide, solutions of Maxwell’s equations yield the relationships between the absorption coefficient α and the refractive index of the material with the electrical conductivity and the dielectric constant of the material, i.e. between the optical and electrical characteristics of the material.

单词	absorption coefficient
释义	absorption coefficient Physics 1. (in physics) See Lambert’s laws. 2. (in chemistry) The volume of a given gas, measured at standard temperature and pressure, that will dissolve in unit volume of a given liquid. Astronomy A measure of the decrease in intensity of radiation as it passes through a medium. It is the reciprocal of the distance required to reduce the radiation to 1/e of its original value (where e is a constant equal to 2.718). Chemistry 1. (in spectroscopy) The molar absorption coefficient (symbol ϵ‎) is a quantity that characterizes the absorption of light (or any other type of electromagnetic radiation) as it passes through a sample of the absorbing material. It has the dimensions of 1/(concentration ×‎ length). ϵ‎ is dependent on the frequency of the incident light; its highest value occurs where the absorption is most intense. Since absorption bands usually spread over a range of values of the frequency ν‎ it is useful to define a quantity called the integrated absorption coefficient, A, which is the integral of all the absorption coefficients in the band, i.e. A = ∫ϵ(ν)dν‎. This quantity characterizes the intensity of a transition. It was formerly called the extinction coefficient. See also Beer–Lambert law. 2. The volume of a given gas, measured at standard temperature and pressure, that will dissolve in unit volume of a given liquid. Electronics and Electrical Engineering For a travelling wave in a lossy medium, the fraction of the power lost per incremental length, given in differential form by $α = - \frac{1}{I} \frac{d I}{d z}$ This gives the expression for intensity as a function of length as $I = I_{0} e^{- α z}$ when integrated. For a travelling wave in a dielectric waveguide, solutions of Maxwell’s equations yield the relationships between the absorption coefficient α and the refractive index of the material with the electrical conductivity and the dielectric constant of the material, i.e. between the optical and electrical characteristics of the material.
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